Evidence-based nutrition, in plain English — every entry sourced from clinical research.

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and the structural backbone of the skeleton. Dairy is the best-known source, but tofu, canned fish with bones, almonds, chia and leafy greens make it very achievable on a plant-forward diet.

What is Calcium?

Calcium is a dietary mineral that plays a critical role in building and maintaining bone, plus muscle contraction and nerve signalling. While many general diets overlook it, maintaining optimal levels of Calcium is frequently tracked by people working to optimize their Bone mineral density.

Top Foods High in Calcium

A data-driven breakdown of the foods with the highest concentration of Calcium per 100 g.

Highest dietary sources of Calcium, per 100 g edible portion
FoodCalcium% DV
Thyme1,890 mg145.4%
Oregano1,597 mg122.9%
Rosemary1,280 mg98.5%
Parmesan1,184 mg91.1%
Cinnamon1,002 mg77.1%
Sesame Seeds975 mg75%
Cheddar Cheese711 mg54.7%
Tofu683 mg52.5%
Chia Seeds595.4 mg45.8%
Mozzarella505 mg38.8%
Black Pepper443 mg34.1%
Sardines382 mg29.4%
Kale254 mg19.5%
Almonds253.6 mg19.5%
Flaxseed229.9 mg17.7%
Mint199 mg15.3%
Garlic181 mg13.9%
Basil177 mg13.6%
Turmeric168 mg12.9%
Parsley138 mg10.6%

How Calcium Impacts Bone mineral density

Research links diets rich in Calcium to changes in Bone mineral density. Optimizing intake of these foods can support healthy Bone mineral density levels via providing the mineral matrix of bone and acting as a signalling ion for muscle and nerve function.

Encyclopedia Insight: For maximum absorption, pair Calcium-rich foods with vitamin D and vitamin K2, which direct calcium into bone, and spacing it apart from iron-rich meals since the two compete for absorption to optimize bioavailability.

Scientific references & clinical evidence

This guide is built on peer-reviewed research — verify the primary sources below.

  1. BMJ (2015). “Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis”. PubMed / source ↗
  2. Medicina (2025). “Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies”. PubMed / source ↗

Written by the Nutrition Encyclopedia team · medically reviewed by Dr. Sunaina Tariq, MBBS

Last updated 22 June 2026

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